Weight Loss with a Low-Carbohydrate, Mediterranean or Low-Fat diet

November 20, 2014

The following information is available at Pub Med and was not written by Atkins professionals.

New England Journal of Medicine (NJEM)

Shai, I., Schwarzfuchs, D., Henkin, Y., Shahar, D.R., Witkow, S., Greenberg, I., Golan, R., Fraser, D., Bolotin, A., Vardi, H., Tangi-Rozental, O., Zuk-Ramot, R., Sarusi, B., Brickner, D., Schwartz, Z., Sheiner, E., Marko, R., Katorza. E., Thiery, J., Fiedler, G.M., Blüher, M., Stumvoll, M., Stampfer, M.J., “Weight Loss with a Low-Carbohydrate, Mediterranean or Low-Fat Diet,” New England Journal of Medicine, 2008 Jul 17;359(3): pages 229-41

BACKGROUND:

Trials comparing the effectiveness and safety of weight-loss diets are frequently limited by short follow-up times and high dropout rates.

METHODS:

In this 2-year trial, we randomly assigned 322 moderately obese subjects (mean age, 52 years; mean body-mass index [the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters], 31; male sex, 86%) to one of three diets: low-fat, restricted-calorie; Mediterranean, restricted-calorie; or low-carbohydrate, non-restricted-calorie.

RESULTS:

The rate of adherence to a study diet was 95.4% at 1 year and 84.6% at 2 years. The Mediterranean-diet group consumed the largest amounts of dietary fiber and had the highest ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fat (P<0.05 for all comparisons among treatment groups). The low-carbohydrate group consumed the smallest amount of carbohydrates and the largest amounts of fat, protein, and cholesterol and had the highest percentage of participants with detectable urinary ketones (P<0.05 for all comparisons among treatment groups). The mean weight loss was 2.9 kg for the low-fat group, 4.4 kg for the Mediterranean-diet group, and 4.7 kg for the low-carbohydrate group (P<0.001 for the interaction between diet group and time); among the 272 participants who completed the intervention, the mean weight losses were 3.3 kg, 4.6 kg, and 5.5 kg, respectively. The relative reduction in the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 20% in the low-carbohydrate group and 12% in the low-fat group (P=0.01). Among the 36 subjects with diabetes, changes in fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were more favorable among those assigned to the Mediterranean diet than among those assigned to the low-fat diet (P<0.001 for the interaction among diabetes and Mediterranean diet and time with respect to fasting glucose levels).

CONCLUSIONS:

Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets may be effective alternatives to low-fat diets. The more favorable effects on lipids (with the low-carbohydrate diet) and on glycemic control (with the Mediterranean diet) suggest that personal preferences and metabolic considerations might inform individualized tailoring of dietary interventions. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00160108.) 2008 Massachusetts Medical Society

Learn More About Low Carb Articles & Research

The Guide to Atkins Bars

Learn about Atkins most popular protein bars and how they can help support your low carb lifestyle or reach your weight loss goals. Between a busy work week or a hectic schedule at home, trying to reach your nutrition goals can feel like another chore on your to-do list. That’s why finding quality protein bars to

Read More »

35 Easy Keto Dinner Recipe Ideas

Keto Beef Recipes | Keto Pork Chop Recipes | Keto Chicken Recipes | Keto Shrimp Recipes | Vegetarian Keto Recipes | Keto Soup Recipes | Keto Crockpot Recipes | Keto Air Fryer Recipes | Keto Instant Pot® Recipes Whether you’re just getting started with keto or need some new additions to your recipe rotation, it’s

Read More »

20 Keto Breakfast Recipes & Ideas

Keto Breakfast Smoothie Recipes | Keto Breakfast Sandwich Ideas | East Keto Breakfast Recipes with Eggs | Keto Breakfast Casserole Recipes | Keto Breakfast without Eggs Following a ketogenic diet doesn’t mean you should skimp on a delicious breakfast or eat the same thing every day. In fact, Atkins’ take on keto diets emphasize optimal

Read More »